Hauota wai: He hau hauota wai. He koretake, he kore tae, he kore kakara, he kore waikura, he kore mura, he tino pāmahana waikura. Ko te hauota te nuinga o te āhuarangi (78.03% te rōrahi me te 75.5% te taumaha). Kāore te hauota e mahi, ā, kāore e tautoko i te tahunga. Ka puta te hukapapa nā te nui rawa o te pā wera i te wā e mimiti ana.
He puna makariri watea te hauota wai. Nā ōna āhuatanga ahurei, kua piki haere te aro me te mōhio o te tangata ki te hauota wai. Kua whānui haere te whakamahinga i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua kararehe, te ahumahi hauora, te ahumahi kai, me ngā mara rangahau cryogenic. Kei te whānui haere, kei te whanake haere hoki te tono i roto i ngā mahi hiko, te whakarewa, te rererangi, te hanga mīhini me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
Te kawe hiko nui rawa atu
He āhuatanga ahurei o te superconductor, nō reira, tera pea ka whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā momo kāwai. Ka whiwhihia te superconductor mā te whakamahi i te hauota wai hei utu mō te herium wai hei whakamatao superconductor, e whakatuwhera ana i te tono o te hangarau superconductor i roto i te whānuitanga o te hangarau, ā, e kiia ana ko tētahi o ngā mea hou pūtaiao nui o te rautau 20.
Ko ngā pūkenga whakapūmau aukume superconducting he YBCO uku superconducting, ina whakamataohia te rauemi superconducting ki te pāmahana hauota wai (78K, he rite ki te -196~C), mai i ngā huringa noa ki te āhua superconducting. Ka pana te papa aukume i hangaia e te ia ārai ki te papa aukume o te ara, ā, ki te nui ake te kaha i te taumaha o te tereina, ka taea te whakairi i te motuka. I taua wā anō, ka mau tetahi wāhanga o te papa aukume i roto i te superconductor nā te pānga whakapiri aukume i te wā o te tukanga whakamatao. Ka kukumea tēnei papa aukume hopu ki te papa aukume o te ara, ā, nā te pana me te kukume, ka noho pūmau te motuka ki runga ake i te ara. He rerekē ki te pānga whānui o te pana-ira-tāne me te kukume-ira-tangata-kē i waenga i ngā aukume, ko te taunekeneke i waenga i te superconductor me te papa aukume o waho ka pana atu, ka kukume tetahi ki tetahi, kia taea ai e te superconductor me te aukume mutunga kore te ātete i ō rāua ake kaha ā-papa me te whakairi, te whakairi rānei ki raro i a rāua.
Te hanga me te whakamātautau i ngā wāhanga hiko
Ko te tirotiro i te ahotea taiao he whiriwhiri i te maha o ngā āhuatanga taiao tauira, te whakamahi i te nui tika o te ahotea taiao ki ngā wāhanga, ki te mīhini katoa rānei, me te whakaputa i ngā hapa o te tukanga, arā, ngā hapa i roto i te tukanga whakaputa me te tāutanga, me te whakatika, te whakakapi rānei. He pai te tirotiro ahotea taiao hei whakaae i te huringa pāmahana me te wiri matapōkere. Ko te whakamātautau huringa pāmahana he whakaae i te tere huringa pāmahana teitei, te ahotea wera nui, kia whakaaetia ai te tere huringa pāmahana o te 5℃/min mō ngā wāhanga o ngā rauemi rerekē, nā te kino o te hononga, te kore taurite o te rauemi, ngā hapa i roto i te tukanga i puta mai i te raruraru huna me te rahunga tere. Ko te pāmahana rohe ko -40℃, +60℃. Ko te maha o ngā huringa ko 8. Mā tēnei huinga o ngā tawhā taiao ka kitea ake ngā hapa o te whakarewa mariko, te tapahi i ngā wāhanga, me ngā wāhanga o ō rātou ake hapa. Mō ngā whakamātautau huringa pāmahana papatipu, ka taea e tātou te whakaaro ki te whakaae ki te tikanga pouaka e rua. I roto i tēnei taiao, me whakahaere te tirotiro i te taumata.
He tere ake, he whai hua ake hoki te hauota wai mō te tiaki me te whakamātautau i ngā wāhanga hiko me ngā papa ara iahiko.
Ngā pūkenga mira pōro cryogenic
Ko te mira pōro aorangi cryogenic he hau hauota wai e whakaurua tonutia ana ki roto i te mira pōro aorangi me te taupoki tiaki wera. Ka huri tere te hau makariri i te wera e puta mai ana i te tāke huri pōro i te wā tūturu, kia noho tonu ai te pōro huri pōro i roto i tētahi taiao cryogenic. I roto i te taiao cryogenic, ka whakaranua, ka huri pai, ka whakawhanake hua hou, ka whakaputa puranga iti i ngā rauemi hangarau teitei. He iti te rahi o te hua, he tino whai hua, he nui te tutuki, he iti te haruru, he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i te rongoā, te ahumahi matū, te tiaki taiao, te ahumahi māmā, ngā rauemi hanga, te whakarewa, te uku, ngā kohuke me ētahi atu wāhanga.
Ngā pūkenga miihini matomato
Ko te tapahi cryogenic te whakamahinga o te wai cryogenic pērā i te hauota wai, te hauhā waro wai me te rehu hau matao ki te pūnaha tapahi o te wāhi tapahi, ka hua ake te rohe tapahi i te āhua cryogenic ā-rohe, i te āhua ultra-cryogenic rānei. Mā te whakamahi i te pakarukaru cryogenic o te mea mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga cryogenic, ka whakapai ake i te kaha o te mīhini tapahi i te mea mahi, te roa o te taputapu me te kounga o te mata o te mea mahi. E ai ki te rerekētanga o te reo whakamatao, ka taea te wehewehe i te tapahi cryogenic ki te tapahi hau matao me te tapahi hauota wai whakamatao. Ko te tikanga tapahi hau matao cryogenic ko te rehu i te hau cryogenic -20℃ ~ -30℃ (iti iho rānei) ki te wāhanga tukatuka o te pito taputapu, ka konatunatua ki te hinu whakahinuhinu tipu iti (10~20m 1 ia hāora), kia mahi ai i te mahi whakamatao, te tango maramara, te whakahinuhinu. Ki te whakataurite ki te tapahi tuku iho, ka taea e te tapahi whakamatao cryogenic te whakapai ake i te hanganga tukatuka, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mata o te mea mahi, me te kore rawa e poke ki te taiao. E whakaae ana te pokapū tukatuka o te Kamupene Ahumahi o Japan Yasuda ki te whakatakotoranga o te paipa hau adiabatic kua whakauruhia ki waenganui o te pou motuka me te pou tapahi, ā, ka arahi tika ki te mata ma te whakamahi i te hau matao cryogenic o te -30℃. Nā tēnei whakaritenga i tino whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga tapahi, ā, he pai hoki mō te whakatinanatanga o te hangarau tapahi hau matao. I whakahaerehia e Kazuhiko Yokokawa he rangahau mō te whakamatao hau matao i roto i te huri me te mira. I roto i te whakamātautau mira, i whakamahia te wai tapahi turanga wai, te hau pāmahana noa (+10℃) me te hau matao (-30℃) hei whakataurite i te kaha. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he nui te whakapai ake i te roa o te taputapu i te wā i whakamahia ai te hau matao. I roto i te whakamātautau huri, he iti ake te tere o te kakahu taputapu o te hau matao (-20℃) i tērā o te hau noa (+20℃).
E rua ngā whakamahinga nui o te tapahi whakamatao hauota wai. Ko tētahi ko te whakamahi i te pēhanga pounamu hei rehu tika i te hauota wai ki roto i te wāhi tapahi pērā i te wai tapahi. Ko tētahi ko te whakamatao ā-kore i te taputapu, i te mea mahi rānei mā te whakamahi i te huringa mimiti o te hauota wai i raro i te wera. Ināianei he mea nui te tapahi cryogenic i roto i te tukatuka i te koranu titanium, te maitai manganese teitei, te maitai whakapakeke me ētahi atu rauemi uaua ki te tukatuka. I tangohia e KPRaijurkar te taputapu carbide H13A me te whakamahi i te taputapu whakamatao huringa hauota wai hei whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau tapahi cryogenic i runga i te koranu titanium. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua whakamātautau, ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tikanga tapahi tuku iho, i whakakorehia te kakahu o te taputapu, i heke te pāmahana tapahi mā te 30%, ā, i tino pai ake te kounga o te miihini mata o te mea mahi. I tangohia e Wan Guangmin te tikanga whakamatao ā-kore hei whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau tapahi cryogenic i runga i te maitai manganese teitei, ā, ka tirohia ngā hua. I te whakamahi i te tikanga whakamatao ā-kore hei tukatuka i te maitai manganese teitei i te cryogenic, ka whakakorehia te kaha o te taputapu, ka whakaitihia te kakahu o te taputapu, ka pai ake ngā tohu whakapakeketanga mahi, ā, ka pai ake hoki te kounga o te mata o te mea mahi. Wang Lianpeng me ētahi atu i tangohia te tikanga rehu hauota wai i roto i te miihini pāmahana iti o te maitai tineia 45 i runga i ngā taputapu mīhini CNC, ā, i kōrero mō ngā hua whakamātautau. Ka taea te whakapai ake i te roa o te taputapu me te kounga o te mata o te wahi mahi mā te tango i te tikanga rehu hauota wai i roto i te miihini pāmahana iti o te maitai tineia 45.
I roto i te āhua tukatuka hauota wai, ka honoa te rauemi carbide ki te kaha piko, te pakari whati me te ātete waikura, ka piki ake te pakeke me te iti o te pāmahana, nō reira ka taea e te rauemi taputapu tapahi carbide sima i roto i te whakamatao hauota wai te hono i te mahi tapahi pai rawa atu, pērā i te pāmahana rūma, ā, ka whakatauhia tōna mahi e te maha o ngā wāhanga here. Mō te maitai tere teitei, ka piki ake te pakeke me te iti o te kaha pānga ki te cryogenic, engari i te nuinga ka taea te hono atu i te mahi tapahi pai ake. I runga i ētahi rauemi i roto i te whakapainga cryogenic o tōna kaha miihini tapahi i whakahaerehia he rangahau, te whiriwhiri i te maitai waro iti AISll010, te maitai waro teitei AISl070, te maitai whīra AISIE52100, te koranu titanium Ti-6A 1-4V, te koranu konumohe maka A390 e rima ngā rauemi, te whakatinanatanga o te rangahau me te aromatawai: Nā te tino pakarukaru i te cryogenic, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā hua miihini e hiahiatia ana mā te tapahi cryogenic. Mō te maitai waro teitei me te maitai whīra, ka taea te aukati i te pikinga pāmahana i roto i te rohe tapahi me te tere kakahu taputapu mā te whakamatao hauota wai. I roto i te tapahi whakarewa konumohe, mā te whakamahi i te whakamatao cryogenic ka taea te whakapai ake i te pakeke o te taputapu me te ātete o te taputapu ki te kaha o te kakahu koi silicon, i roto i te tukatuka o te koranu titanium, i te wa ano ka whakamatao cryogenic te taputapu me te wahi mahi, ka whai hua te pāmahana tapahi iti me te whakakore i te hononga matū i waenga i te titanium me te rauemi taputapu.
Ētahi atu whakamahinga o te hauota wai
I tukuna e te amiorangi Jiuquan te teihana wahie motuhake matua ki te whakaputa hauota wai, he pūkaha mō te wahie rōkete, ka panaia ki roto i te ruma mura i te pēhanga teitei.
Te taura hiko superconducting pāmahana teitei. E whakamahia ana hei whakatio i te paipa wai i roto i ngā mahi tiaki ohorere. E whakamahia ana mō te whakau i te wai me te tinei i ngā rauemi. E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki ngā pūkenga taputapu whakamatao hauota wai (ngā tohu whānui wera me te whakaheke makariri i roto i te tono ahumahi). Ngā pūkenga whakatō kapua hauota wai. Ko ngā pūkenga tango hauota wai o te rerenga wai tuku wai wā-tūturu, he rangahau hohonu tonu. Te whakamahi i te hauota tinei ahi i raro i te whenua, ka tere te whakangaro i te ahi, ā, ka whakakore i ngā kino o te pahūtanga hau. He aha i whiriwhiri ai i te hauota wai: Nā te mea ka tere ake te whakamatao i ētahi atu tikanga, ā, kāore e tauhohe matū ki ētahi atu matū, ka tino whakawhāiti i te wāhi me te whakarato i te hau maroke, he hoa taiao (ka tukuna tika te hauota wai ki te hau i muri i te whakamahinga, me te kore e waiho he parahanga), he māmā, he watea hoki te whakamahi.
Taputapu Cryogenic HL
Taputapu Cryogenic HLi whakatūria i te tau 1992, he waitohu e hono ana kiKamupene Taputapu Cryogenic HL Cryogenic Equipment Co.,Ltd. E whakapau kaha ana a HL Cryogenic Equipment ki te hoahoa me te hanga i te Pūnaha Paipa Cryogenic Ārai Korehau Teitei me ngā Taputapu Tautoko e pā ana ki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki. He mea hanga te Paipa Ārai Korehau me te Ngongo Ngāwari ki ngā rauemi ārai motuhake ārai korehau teitei me te maha-paparanga maha-mata, ā, ka tukuna mā roto i te raupapa o ngā maimoatanga hangarau tino pakari me te maimoatanga korehau teitei, e whakamahia ana mō te whakawhiti i te hāora wai, te hauota wai, te hauhā wai, te hauwai wai, te hēriuma wai, te hau ethylene wairewa LEG me te hau taiao wairewa LNG.
Ko ngā hua o te Wehewehe Wāhanga, te Paipa Korehau, te Ngongo Korehau me te Takirere Korehau i roto i te HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, i paahitia e te raupapa o ngā maimoatanga hangarau tino pakari, e whakamahia ana mō te whakawhiti i te hāora wai, te hauota wai, te hauhā wai, te hauwai wai, te hīriama wai, te waewae me te LNG, ā, ka whakamahia ēnei hua mō ngā taputapu cryogenic (hei tauira, te tāke rokiroki cryogenic, te dewar me te pouaka makariri me ētahi atu) i roto i ngā ahumahi wehenga hau, hau, rererangi, hikohiko, superconductor, maramara, rongoā, biobank, kai me te inu, huihuinga aunoa, miihini matū, rino me te maitai, rapa, hanga rauemi hou me te rangahau pūtaiao me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 24-2021
