Hei pūtake pūngao kore-waro, kua arohia te aro o te ao katoa e te pūngao hauwai. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā raruraru matua e pā ana ki te ahumahi o te pūngao hauwai, inā koa ko ngā hangarau hanga nui, iti te utu me te kawe waka tawhiti, koinei ngā raruraru aukati i roto i te tukanga tono pūngao hauwai.
 
Ki te whakatauritea ki te aratau rokiroki hau pēhanga teitei me te tuku hauwai, ko ngā painga o te aratau rokiroki me te tuku wai pāmahana iti ko te nui o te ōwehenga rokiroki hauwai (te nui o te kiato kawe hauwai), te iti o te utu kawe, te teitei o te parakore o te mimiti, te iti o te pēhanga rokiroki me te kawe me te teitei o te haumaru, ka taea te whakahaere pai i te utu whānui me te kore e uru ki ngā āhuatanga uaua me te kore haumaru i roto i te tukanga kawe. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā painga o te hauwai wai i roto i te hanga, te rokiroki me te kawe he pai ake mo te tuku nui me te arumoni o te kaha hauwai. I taua wā, me te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga tono whakamutunga o te kaha hauwai, ka panaia hoki te hiahia mo te hauwai wai ki muri.
 
Ko te hauwai wai te huarahi tino whai hua ki te penapena hauwai, engari he tino teitei te paepae hangarau o te tukanga whiwhi hauwai wai, ā, me whai whakaaro ki tōna whakapaunga pūngao me tōna whai huatanga ina whakaputa hauwai wai i runga i te tauine nui.
 
I tēnei wā, kua eke te kaha whakaputa hauwai wai o te ao ki te 485t/d. He maha ngā āhua o te whakarite hauwai wai, te hangarau whakapūmau hauwai, ā, ka taea te whakarōpū, te whakakotahi rānei i runga i ngā tukanga whakawhanui me ngā tukanga whakawhiti wera. I tēnei wā, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tukanga whakapūmau hauwai noa ki te tukanga Linde-Hampson māmā, e whakamahi ana i te pānga Joule-Thompson (pānga JT) hei whakawhāiti i te whakawhanui, me te tukanga whakawhanui adiabatic, e whakakotahi ana i te whakamatao me te whakawhanui tāpine. I roto i te tukanga whakaputa tuturu, e ai ki te putanga o te hauwai wai, ka taea te wehewehe i te tikanga whakawhanui adiabatic ki te tikanga Brayton whakamuri, e whakamahi ana i te herium hei reo hei whakaputa i te pāmahana iti mō te whakawhanui me te whakamatao, kātahi ka whakamatao i te hauwai hau pēhanga teitei ki te āhua wai, me te tikanga Claude, e whakamatao ana i te hauwai mā te whakawhanui adiabatic.
 
Ko te tātari utu mō te hanga hauwai wai e aro nui ana ki te tauine me te ōhanga o te huarahi hangarau hauwai wai ā-iwi. I roto i te utu hanga hauwai wai, ko te utu pūtake hauwai te wāhanga nui rawa (58%), ā, muri iho ko te utu whakapaunga pūngao whānui o te pūnaha wairewa (20%), e 78% o te utu katoa o te hauwai wai. I roto i ēnei utu e rua, ko te momo pūtake hauwai me te utu hiko kei reira te tipu wairewa te mea nui e awe ana. E pā ana hoki te momo pūtake hauwai ki te utu hiko. Mena ka hangaia he tipu hanga hauwai hiko me te tipu wairewa i te taha o te tipu hiko i roto i ngā rohe whakaputa pūngao hou ataahua, pērā i ngā rohe raki e toru kei reira ngā tipu hiko hau nui me ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic e kohikohi ana, kei te moana rānei, ka taea te whakamahi i te hiko iti te utu hei hanga hauwai wai me te wairewa, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te utu hanga hauwai wai ki te $3.50/kg. I taua wā anō, ka taea te whakaiti i te awe o te hononga whatunga hiko hau nui ki te kaha piki o te pūnaha hiko.
 
Taputapu Cryogenic HL
I whakatūria a HL Cryogenic Equipment i te tau 1992, ā, he waitohu hono ki te HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co.,Ltd. E whakapau kaha ana a HL Cryogenic Equipment ki te hoahoa me te hanga i te Pūnaha Paipa Cryogenic Ārai Korehau Teitei me ngā Taputapu Tautoko e pā ana ki tēnā hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki. He mea hanga te Paipa Ārai Korehau me te Ngongo Ngāwari ki ngā rauemi ārai motuhake ārai korehau teitei me te maha-paparanga maha-mata, ā, ka tukuna mā roto i te raupapa o ngā maimoatanga hangarau tino pakari me te maimoatanga korehau teitei, e whakamahia ana mō te whakawhiti i te hāora wai, te hauota wai, te hauhā wai, te hauwai wai, te hēriuma wai, te hau ethylene wairewa LEG me te hau taiao wairewa LNG.