I roto i te hanga haurua-haurua, e tumanakohia ana kia nui ake ngā mahi a ngā pūnaha tohatoha cryogenic i te whakawhiti noa i te hauota wai, i te argon rānei mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi atu. Me noho pumau, me noho ma, me noho kotahi-wāhanga te wai tae noa ki te wāhi e whakamahia ai. Ahakoa he iti noa te wera e uru mai ana, ka taea te whakaputa hau tere, te piki me te heke o te pēhanga, te poke makuku rānei e pā ana ki te pumau o te tukanga.

Koia te takePaipa Whakamarumaru Korehaue whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūnaha i roto i ngā whare hanga haurua-ira hei utu mō ngā paipa whakamahana-huka tuku iho. Ina honoa ki tētahi pūnaha whakahaere tikaPūnaha Papu Korehau Hihiri, ka noho pea te turuturu wera katoa i raro i te 3 W/m me te pupuri tonu i te pumau o te korehau mō te wā roa puta noa i te raina whakawhiti katoa.

Mō ngā tono haurua-haurua, kaua te whakamarumaru korehau e tirohia hei paparanga korehau huri noa i te paipa. He pūnaha wera hohe e hiahia ana kia inehia te mahi korehau me te tiaki roa. I roto i ngā taiao hanga maramara tino tika, ahakoa he iti noa te pikinga o te pāmahana mākū wai ka arahi pea ki ngā āhuatanga rere-wāhanga e rua e whakararuraru ana i ngā ara iahiko whakamatao, ngā pūnaha purenga, ngā taputapu whakahaere tukanga rānei.

He aha te Hiranga o te Tūtaki Wera i roto i ngā Pūnaha Ārahi-Whārangi Cryogenic

E toru ngā momo matua o te whakawhiti wera e pāngia ana e ia raina whakawhiti cryogenic:

• te irahiko puta noa i te wāhi porowhita
• te kawe hau i puta mai i ngā ngota toenga
• te kawe totoka mā roto i ngā tautoko me ngā āputa

I roto i tētahi hoahoa tikaPaipa Whakamarumaru Korehau, ko te pēhanga porowhita ka heke iho i raro i te 1×10⁻⁴ Pa. I taua taumata korehau, he nui ake te ara kore utu toharite o ngā ngota hau e toe ana i te āputa porowhita, e tino whakaiti ana i te kawe wera hau.

Ka whakahaerea te whakawhiti wera hihi mā te whakamahi i te whakamarumaru maha-paparanga (MLI). Ko te whakamarumaru he mea hanga mai i ngā paparanga o te pepa whakaata me te rauemi whakawātea iti-kawe. Mā te kiato paparanga tika me te tikanga tāutanga, ka taea te whakaiti i te rerenga wera hihi ki te torutoru noa iho o ngā watts ia mita tapawha.

Ko te ara wera e toe ana i ahu mai i ngā tautoko ā-ringa. Hei whakaiti i tēnei pānga, ko ngā rauemi iti-te-kawe hiko pērā i te muka karāhe G-10, te Torlon® rānei te mea e whakamahia ana. Me nui tonu te kaha ā-ringa o ēnei tautoko hei tu atu i te whakahekenga wera, te wiri, me te kawenga rū whenua i te wā e whakamahia ana.

I ngā tawhiti whakawhiti roa, ka tino kitea te rerekētanga i waenga i te whakamarumaru korehau me te whakamarumaru pahuka. Ka taea e te pūnaha korehau e tiakina pai ana te pupuri i te mahi wera pumau mō ngā tau maha, i te mea ka mimiti haere te whakamarumaru pahuka i te makuku mai i te hau. Kia uru te makuku ki roto i te hanganga whakamarumaru, ā, kia tio, ka heke te pai o te wera i roto i te wā.

I roto i ngā pūnaha tohatoha LN₂ ā-haurua mahi,ngā paipa whakamahana-korehauka taea te whakaiti i te kohua nui ki te whakataurite ki ngā raina whakamahana pahuka tuku iho, inā koa i ngā oma roa ki waho, i ngā pane matua rānei e mahi tonu ana.

Pūnaha Papu Korehau Hihiri

Ko tētahi raruraru o ngā koti korehau pūmau, ka heke haere te kounga o te korehau i roto i ngā tau nā te putanga mai o te hau, te urunga mai o te hīriuma, te turuturu moroiti rānei.

Hei whakatika i tēnei, he whānui te whānuiPaipa Whakamarumaru Korehauka taea te whakarite i ngā pūnaha ki tētahiPūnaha Papu Korehau HihiriKo te tikanga, kei roto i te pūnaha he whakaritenga turbomolecular, he papu panuku rānei e whakahoki ana i te korehau porowhita ki tōna āhua hoahoa taketake i ia wā.

Ka aro turukihia tonutia ngā taumata korehau mā te whakamahi i ngā inenga katote makariri. Ka whakahohehia te papu ina piki ake te pēhanga ki tua atu i te taumata kua whakaritea, nō reira ka noho iti tonu te whakamahinga hiko me ngā whakaritenga tiaki.

I roto i tētahi kaupapa whakahou i tētahi whare haurua-haurua i Hsinchu, Taiwan, nā tētahi pūnaha papu korehau e whakahaeretia ana i taea ai e tētahi pane whakawhiti LN₂ tawhito te whakahoki mai i te mahi wera tata ki tōna āhua mahi taketake me te kore e aukati i te raina whakaputa. Mō ngā kaupapa hou, mā te tiaki korehau i te wā e mahi ana, ka nui ake te whakapono o ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te pumau o te whakamahana mō te wā roa puta noa i te roanga o te mahi a te pūnaha.

Ngā Rauemi me te Hoahoa Pūnaha

Mō ngā tono haurua-haurua me ngā tono tino-parakore, ko te paipa tukatuka o roto he mea hanga i te maitai kore waikura 304L, 316L rānei. Ka horoia, ka purea, ka whakakorengia ngā mata o roto kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga ratonga ma te hāora, kia whakaitihia ai hoki te mōrearea o te poke.

Ka whakamahia pea te rino waro peita, te rino kowiri tira rānei mō te koti o waho, i runga i te taiao tāutanga. I ngā wāhi e tata ana ki ngā rūma ma, he pai ake te whakamahi i ngā koti o waho kowiri tira hei karo i te waikura, i te poke rānei o te mata.

Me āta whakaaroaro hoki ki te whakahekenga wera. Ka taea e te aho whakawhiti LN₂ te whakaheke tata ki te 2.5–3 mm ia mita i waenga i te pāmahana taiao me te pāmahana whakahaere. Hei mimiti i tēnei nekehanga, ka tāutahia ngā kaiwhakakapi whānui momo-pūhau ki ngā wāhi punga kua tatauhia puta noa i te whatunga paipa.

I ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te nekehanga, te ngāwari rānei,Ngongo Ngāwari Whakamarumaru Korehauhe mea noa te whakamahi i ngā huihuinga. Ko ngā wāhi noa ko ngā hononga tāke, ngā hononga taputapu, ngā peka manifold, me ngā paheke tukatuka nekeneke.

Ka whakamahia e ēnei ngongo ngāwari he uho ā-roto kōpikopiko me te koti korehau me te hanganga MLI e rite ana ki te paipa korehau pakari. Mā ngā huihuinga kua hoahoatia tika ka taea te pupuri i te pumau o te korehau i muri i te huringa wera cryogenic, me te ārai hoki i te hanganga hukapapa o waho e kitea ana i runga i ngā ngongo whiri kāore i te whakamahanatia.

Ngā Takirere Whakamarumaru KorehaumeNgā Wehewehe Wāhanga

Kāore te whakahaere i te turuturu wera e herea noa ki ngā wāhanga paipa tika. Ngā takirere me ngāngā wehewehe wāhangahe mahi nui anō hoki ki te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga rere waikura pumau.

A Takirere Whakamarumaru Korehaui te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia he taupoki roa me te tinana kua hipokina ki te korehau hei pupuri i ngā wāhi hiri nui kia matara atu i ngā pāmahana tino iti. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te ārai i te hukapapa i te taha o te takai kakau, ā, ka whakaiti i te haukū kore e hiahiatia i roto i te hanganga takirere.

Ki te kore he ārai korehau, ka noho pea ngā takirere hei pūwāhi turuturu wera kukū i roto i te pūnaha. I roto i te ratonga wai-kirikiri, ka puta pea he putunga kohu ā-rohe, he āhua rere kore pumau, he tūponotanga hama wai rānei.

Mō ngā pūnaha tukatuka haurua-ira, ko ngā takirere porowhita pōtae-torotoro me ngā takirere pōro whakauru-runga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga a te ASME B31.3 me te EN 13480.

A Wehewehe Wāhanga Whakamarumaru Korehaue whakamahia ana hei tango i te hau mura i mua i te urunga o te wai ki ngā taputapu tairongo o raro. I roto i ngā tono haurua-ā-roto, ka taea e te rere rua-wāhanga kore pumau te hanga i ngā nekehanga pēhanga nui hei whakaoho i ngā whakaoho tukanga, i ngā hononga taputapu rānei.

Ko te nuinga o ngā hoahoa wehewehe e whakamahi ana i te tomokanga whakarara me te hanganga demister ā-roto hei whakapai ake i te pai o te wehenga o te kohu-wai. I roto i te maha o ngā kaupapa, ka honoa te wehewehe me te Tanka Iti kua tāutahia ki te papa tukatuka. Ka mahi te tank iti hei rōrahi ārai ā-rohe e āwhina ana ki te whakatau i ngā piki me ngā heke o te hiahia mō te wā poto me te kore e whakauru i te kawenga wera tāpiri nui.

Tauira Kaupapa Ārahi-Hau

I hiahiatia he whatunga tohatoha LN₂ hou mō tētahi kaupapa whakawhānui i te whare DRAM i Kōrea-ki-te-Tonga e mahi ana ki ngā taputapu whakamātautau rumaki-whakamatao me ngā taputapu tukatuka wafer.

I whakauruhia ki te tāutanga te tata ki te 180 mita o te Paipa Mārō Ārai Korehau i honoa ki ngā manga taputapu maha mā roto i ngā huihuinga Ngongo Ngāwari Ārai Korehau. I tāutahia he Wehewehe Wāhanga Ārai Korehau me te Tāke Iti 2 m³ tata ki te wāhi rokiroki papatipu.

I puritia e te Pūnaha Papu Korehau Hihiri te pēhanga porowhita i raro i te 5×10⁻⁶ mbar i runga i ngā aho whakawhiti matua 6-inihi.

I te wā e whakatūwherahia ana, ko te toharite o te turuturu wera i runga i te pane matua he tata ki te 1.3 W/m i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi pumau. I muri i te kotahi tau o te mahi tonu, nā ngā huringa whakaora korehau i ia wā i pupuri te mahi whakamahana kia tata ki te āhua taketake taketake.

Ki te whakatauritea ki te ariā o mua i whakamahanahia ki te pahuka, i kitea he iti ake ngā ngaronga hauota wai i roto i te whare, ā, i pai ake te pumau o te mahi. Kāore hoki i whakaatuhia e ngā puka tukanga he poke e pā ana ki te makuku e pā ana ki te pirau o te whakamahana.

Ngā tono

E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūnaha whakawhiti cryogenic kua whakamahana-korehau i roto i te hanga semiconductor, te hanganga LNG, te tohatoha hau ahumahi, me ngā tono hauwai wai.

Ahakoa he rerekē ngā taiao whakahaere, he rite tonu te whāinga hangarau:

• pupuri i te pumau o te korehau
• whakaitihia te urunga mai o te wera
• pupuri i te pumau o te āhua puta noa i te tukanga whakawhiti

Ko te hoahoa pūnaha e whai ana i ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te ASME B31.3, EN 13480, me te ISO 21029, i runga i te whānuitanga o te kaupapa me ngā whakaritenga ā-rohe.

Mō ngā whare haurua-haurua, ka pā tika te mahi a te pūnaha tohatoha cryogenic ki te whai huatanga o te mahi, te whakamahinga wai, me te pono o te tukanga mō te wā roa. Nā reira, me hoahoa ngā paipa, ngā takirere, ngā wehewehe, me ngā pūnaha tiaki korehau hei pūnaha wera kotahi, kaua hei wāhanga motuhake.

At HL Cryogenics, ka mahi tahi mātou me ngā kaimahi kirimana EPC, ngā kamupene hau, me ngā whakaurunga haurua-ira ki te whakawhanake i ngā otinga whakawhiti cryogenic i runga i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere tuturu, ngā whāinga kawenga wera, me ngā whakaritenga tāutanga, kaua ki ngā whirihoranga rarangi pukapuka paerewa.

Mena kei te whakamahere koe i tētahi kaupapa hanga haurua-ā-ira hou, kei te whakapai ake rānei i tētahi whatunga tohatoha LN₂ o nāianei, ka taea e tā mātou tīma hangarau te āwhina i te aromatawai i te mahi turuturu wera, te rautaki korehau, me te whirihoranga pūnaha mō te mahi roa.